不銹鋼材料的特點
在機械制造中不銹鋼之所以能夠被廣泛的使用，與其良好的特性有著緊密的聯系。馬氏體、鐵素體、奧氏體以及沉淀硬化型的不銹鋼是比較常見的不銹鋼材料。其中奧氏體不銹鋼在機械加工零件中比較常用。
1、由于材料的機體較承載能力較強，尤其是在高溫強度與硬度都很高時，會在切削加工時增加材料的抗力，因此也增加了切削時卷曲的難度。
2、不銹鋼不僅塑性大而且韌性高。當切削時刀具與塑性變形之間的摩擦較大時，就會產生切削熱多，然而不銹鋼的導熱系數則比較低，基本上在0.039到0.08之間，所以，這種情況屬于難切削加工范圍內的。另一方面在加工中因為材料的散熱較差，對刀具切削溫度要求高，會加快刀具的磨損。
3、在切削操作中由于材料的塑性大、附著性強，積削瘤、鱗刺等很容易粘附在零件的表面，從而導致零件表面較為粗糙。
4、由于奧氏體不銹鋼材料的不穩定性及其線膨脹系數較大，在切削時，弓箭容易受切削溫度的影響而產生變形，導致其尺寸精準度很難控制。
通過對不銹鋼材料切削特性的分析，從加工性能角度來看，大多數不銹鋼的加工性能都比價差，尤其是奧氏體不銹鋼。通常鉻鎳含量過高是其主要原因。
The reason why stainless steel can be widely used in mechanical manufacturing is closely related to its good characteristics. Martensite, ferrite, austenite and precipitation hardening stainless steel are common stainless steel materials. Austenitic stainless steel is commonly used in mechanical parts.
1. Because the material body has a stronger load-bearing capacity, especially when the high temperature strength and hardness are very high, it will increase the resistance of the material in cutting, so it also increases the difficulty of curling in cutting.
2. Stainless steel has not only large plasticity but also high toughness. When the friction between cutting tool and plastic deformation is large, the cutting heat will be generated. However, the thermal conductivity of stainless steel is relatively low, which is basically between 0.039 and 0.08. Therefore, this situation belongs to the difficult cutting range. On the other hand, because of the poor heat dissipation of the material, the cutting temperature of the tool is required to be high, which will accelerate the wear of the tool.
3. In the cutting operation, because of the large plasticity and strong adhesion of materials, it is easy to adhere to the surface of parts by cutting tumors and scales, which results in the rough surface of parts.
4. Because of the instability of austenitic stainless steel and its large linear expansion coefficient, bows and arrows are easily deformed by the influence of cutting temperature during cutting, which makes it difficult to control their dimensional accuracy.
Through the analysis of the cutting characteristics of stainless steel materials, from the point of view of processing performance, the processing performance of most stainless steel is worse than price, especially austenitic stainless steel. Usually the high content of chromium and nickel is the main reason.
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